Outsourcing and Offshoring - Open Educational Resource

Monday, February 10, 2025

Why Ireland? A poster presentation - Group Activity

WHY IRELAND? A POSTER PRESENTATION - GROUP ACTIVITY

This is a semester-long activity in which each group researches and interviews an international company running EMEA operations in Ireland.

Deliverables for the poster (10 marks):
The working files for this activity are to be shared via a Google Drive folder. The Google Drive folder must be under version control, each member to have access to it, each member to contribute, update, make notes and other files etc. This culminates by each group preparing a poster version of their findings for display and participation in the MBA/MSc workshop titled "Why Ireland for EMEA and Operations HQ?". This event will be run in conjunction with visiting Pepperdine MBA students on Wednesday 30th April 8:30-13:00.

SCOPE:
A research activity in which each group researches the story behind an international company that has decided to establish operations in Ireland. What happens/happened next? What activity did they start with? What market or operational responsibilities have they run from Ireland: EMEA operations, finance, treasury, sales, support, product development, R&D, international headquarters, etc. Consider the audience to be other fast growing emerging businesses looking to establish an operation in Europe.
This activity culminates with each group preparing a poster version of their findings for display and participation in a UCD Michael Smurfit Graduate Business School MBA/MSc workshop "Why Ireland for EMEA and Operations?". The event will be run in conjunction with visiting Pepperdine MBA students on Wednesday 30th April 2025, from 8:30-13:00, in E201 UCD Blackrock campus.

INSTRUCTIONS:
Each participating member of the group to share their own copy of the group poster via Brightspace.
Please adapt the revised Poster template:
A1 poster template on Google Drive

Monday, January 27, 2025

Understanding and misunderstanding Outsourcing

Is outsourcing evil?

What is wrong with outsourcing?

What is right about outsourcing?

What is outsourcing?

What can we outsource?

Is outsourcing a new strategy?

Is ITO different to other kinds of outsourcing?

Is BPO different to other kinds of outsourcing?

What is its history?

Does its history matter?

https://www.statista.com/statistics/189788/global-outsourcing-market-size/

and Bono on why Ireland is the business

Global Teams

Experiences on Virtual Teams

This survey aims to establish the level of knowledge and experience of virtual teams and their supporting tool-technology combinations among the survey group. The survey is an adaptation of the one carried out by the Economist Intelligence Unit in the report "Managing virtual teams Taking a more strategic approach" in 2009.

https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/QQDND2V

Governance

Globally Distributed Teams

Gautam Sonti’s film - An inside view of outsourcing.

Assumptions, misunderstanding, realities of Outsourcing

Assumptions, misunderstanding, realities

Outsourced (2006) the movie https://goo.gl/XSP9yt

Sourcing models

Supplier capabilities

Client Perspective

Outsourcing 2.0 (an FT video article)

Global impact of corporate ethics - exercise

Global Innovation

Ethical Issues

Discussion of...

...a snapshot of progress on your own particular research country/region:

One research article addressing the economic impact, e.g. one or all of: national ITO, BPO, ICT activity, and/or services activity in general.
One research article addressing one or more relevant social factors, e.g. unemployment, education, HDI etc.
One table summarising some relevant data e.g. over 10-20 years. Probably sourced from UN or World Bank or national statistical agencies.

Global mapping exercises for Apple Corp.

90% of the World's Coltan reserves are located in Africa with most of that coming from the Katanga region in the DR Congo.
In the news: Apple in talks with miners to secure cobalt supplies: source

Apple Inc is talking to major cobalt producers to secure supplies of the material vital for the lithium-ion rechargeable batteries that power its mobile phones, three cobalt industry sources said.

"In 2016, we expanded our responsible sourcing efforts beyond conflict minerals to include cobalt. We’re proud to report that 100 percent of our conflict minerals and cobalt smelter/refiner partners are now participating in independent third-party audits to ensure their own business practices are conducted responsibly. Our commitment to responsible sourcing will not waiver and we will continue to drive our standards deep in our supply chain. (Apple Supplier Responsibility, 2017)

Search for "3TG, conflict minerals, illicit trade, coltan, columbite-tantalite, tantalum": source source source
Coltan refining and supply for sale: source source

Questions for places and about data

What country/region and why is it interesting?
Why is my <country/region> an important location?
Why makes this <country/region> a good destination?
What criteria make a <country/region> attractive?

What Factors? (01)

What Factors? (02)

Looking for primary empirical data sources

Locate a <country/state/region/city> statistical office?
Can you find county data for human social indicators?
Is there data on traded services, technology, software and digital industry sectors?
Perhaps you can find ICT business activity data, perhaps from a sector/trade organisation?
Can you break out ITO or BPO activity data?
Are NGOs or other organisations active in offering digital services (impact sourcing)?
Have scholarly reports addressed sourcing activity, perhaps social impact?

Research based Term Paper

THE RESEARCH PROJECT - GUIDELINES

Video + Term Paper + Reflection

1. Goal - Scope

Researching a single country, state, or region; the working title will be:

Understanding the relationship between the local and global digital economy and its social impact in [country/region].

2. Deliverables: Term-paper plus video presentation

Term-paper: Paper May Not Exceed Ten Pages Including References. A 1-page Personal Learning Reflection must be included as an appendix. Appendices are not included in the page count limit.

Video presentation: The video presentation can give a concise overview of the subject matter and impact of your term-paper in a short video format (4-minute duration).
You are expected to create your own original narration and/or spoken audio content, similarly you should utilise as much of your own visual/graphical material as possible. You can of course utilise various elements sourced elsewhere (subject to licence) as background or linking pieces, e.g. diagrams, music etc. if needed as content or for artistic balance. Grade deduction if the presentation/video has text-to-speech narration or uses 'canned animation.' While not being graded separately from the term-paper, no video results in losing half the available mark for the research project.

3. Starting the research project...

Interpret the working title?
Phrase the statement as a question and consider how to answer the question.
Write a short literature review to critique aspects of the history, situation, processes etc of a particular sourcing context.

Can you find primary/secondary economic/social data in the following broad categories?

a) Services Sector in general but particularly ICT, ITO and BPO activity (any/all if possible) within the country over time. (aggregate data). For some countries you may only be able to gather aggregate services import/export data and that is fine. The limitation won't be your fault. However you will discover that some countries do provide detailed breakdowns at the level of BPO, ITO, ICT as services or product exports or both (refer to the examples of the previous student projects for inspiration).
b) The relative measures of social good and humanitarian values (your choice, e.g. educational attainment, educational participation, unemployment rates etc.), within the country over time. (aggregate data). The measures of societal impact should be relevant to your country's case context; for example it is probably not relevant to consider life expectancy in a mature developed country like the UK, however employment/unemployment, educational attainment etc. is likely to be highly relevant.
Impact Sourcing: You may consider expanding your research, perhaps contact actors in the field, conduct interviews or other modes for gathering empirical data. More involved research questioning would depend on the kind of access you gain and the types of evidence you find. Extending your scope might include some or all of the following:

What (if any) actual social enterprises (or businesses with an overriding social mission) are there and how are they doing? Social enterprises of most interest (although you might relax the criteria just to get evidence) in this instance would be those in which locals provide service/products -- ideally digital and or digitally mediated -- to distant clients.
Researching the wider financial welfare effect of having any kind of local business, even the effects of individuals, sole traders' business activity through involvement in microsourcing for example. The welfare effect is the economics term for eventual outcomes of profit accumulation. It assumes profits will filter back into the economy, may also be construed negatively, that social costs of unethical business may be carried by the wider community.

There may be evidence of impact in terms of what might be called social capital, civic community activity etc. This could be the kind of social cohesion that Robert Putnam talks about.
Find trustworthy accessible primary and secondary data sources addressing questions like:

What portion of the country/region activity is traded globally?
How is/are globally traded services activity measured?
Is ICT sector evident in traded services measures in this country/region?
Has the level of educational attainment changed over time?
Can you track digital industry and entrepreneurial activity over time?
Is activity in local digital-rich industries increasing?
Can you find primary/secondary data on educational participation, attainment etc. and workplace activity, participation, salary growth etc.?
Is FDI (foreign direct investment) data available?
Is FDI related to digital-entrepreneurial activity?
Is FDI associated with educational attainment?

4. General points on writing...

This term paper is written in an academic style, presenting background reading, research methods, research, analysis, theorising etc.

You must use the scientific conference template for the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS - being held in Paphos, Cyprus - https://ecis2024.eu/). Choose between either the LaTeX or Word template - copies of both are available on Google Drive, links below.

Word template (https://drive.google.com/)
LaTeX template (https://drive.google.com/)
Papers should be submitted in Brightspace as a ".pdf" file.

Most important! Please ensure that any direct use of 3rd party material (particularly internal documentation) is presented within quotation marks or boxed or otherwise marked in some way and with the appropriate citation/identification.

A small number of selected figures/graphs to support analysis may be included in the body text. However more extensive figures/graphs can be included in the appendix (no page count limit within reason).

If you deem it necessary, provide only a limited number of indicative samples of original source data tables in the text. You can include more extensive tables in the appendix if needed. However unless they are a concise format, do not include full copies of large data sets in the appendix. We will assume that you have stored copies in your private working folder that could be inspected (in theory) if required.

5. Structure of a typical journal style paper - not all sections may be needed

Title
The title and abstract should both capture the essence of the study.

Abstract

Introduction / Literature (positioning)
Give a brief introduction to the literature and positioning for the study.

Research Design / Methods / Context
Outline your research design, and method.

Data / Findings
Tell the story, provide the evidence, findings, account or narrative.

Analysis / Discussion
Analysis and discussion allow you to draw out the significance of what you have discovered. This is where you can apply/trial various analytical models or produce your own interpretation of the data, in order to better understand the evidence.

Conclusions
Conclusions summarise the findings concisely, often in a page. This is a overall synthesis distilling your analysis and its relevance to theory and the literature.

Bibliography/References
The bibliography/reference section is crucial to get right as it is the index to prior research and literature that you have referred to previously.

Appendices (if needed)
Use appendices to provide additional detail if necessary. Usually data samples, or intermediate representations, for example a sample of the data analysis process, coding frames, stages in the coding and summary or intermediate categories from data.

6. Grading

Grading will consider the following criteria:

The research project is clearly explained.
Critical positioning in literature.
Empirical work, data and evidence presented.
Overall quality of the document as a finished product.
Contributions are clear.

A brief explanation of letter grade descriptors is provided below.

Modular (letter) grades.

A+/A

The report is suitable for submitting to conference, journal, or executive with little revision.
There is a compelling logic to the report that reveals clear insight and understanding of the issues.
Analytical techniques used are appropriate and correctly deployed.
The analysis is convincing, complete and enables creative insight.
The report is written in a clear, lucid, thoughtful and integrated manner-with complete grammatical accuracy and appropriate transitions.
The report is complete and covers all important topics.
Appropriate significance is attached to the information presented.
Research gathered is summarised in some way, research and analytical methods described and discussed, evidence linked to argument and conclusions.

A-/B+

The report may be suitable for submitting to conference, journal, or executive if sections are revised and improved.
There is a clear logic to the report that reveals insight.
Analytical techniques used are appropriate and correctly deployed.
The analysis is convincing, complete and enables clear insight.
The report is written in a clear, lucid, and thoughtful manner-with a high degree of grammatical accuracy.
The report is complete and covers all important topics.
Appropriate significance is attached to the information presented.

B/B-

The report may be suitable as a discussion draft for further development or refinement.
There is a clear logic to the report.
Analytical techniques are deployed appropriately.
The analysis is clear and the authors draw clear, but not comprehensive conclusions for their analyses.
The report is written in a clear, lucid and thoughtful manner, with a good degree of grammatical accuracy.
The report is substantially complete, but an important aspect of the topic is not addressed.
The report may have used or presented some information in a way that was inappropriate.

The report may be suitable as a preliminary draft but needs substantial revision in a number of areas to develop further.
The basic structure of the report is well organised but may need rebalancing.
The content of the report may be partial, incomplete or unfinished with important aspects not addressed.
The report used information that was substantially irrelevant, inappropriate or inappropriately deployed.
The report’s analysis is incomplete and authors fail to draw relevant conclusions.
The report may contain many errors in expression, grammar, spelling.

D/E

The report may appear to be preliminary, speculative, and/or substantially incomplete.
Whatever information provided is used inappropriately.
The structure of the report may be inappropriate or need substantial reorganisation and/or rebalancing.
There may be little analysis, evidence may not be founded, the findings may be inconclusive.
The report appears to frequently use information that is substantially irrelevant, inappropriate or inappropriately deployed.
The report may be poorly written, organised and presented.
Frequent errors of grammatical expression.

7. Personal Reflection

(included as a 1 page section in the appendix.)

The aim of a personal reflection is to give the student an opportunity to relate a personal understanding of the course. To highlight not just the described learning outcomes but also draw attention to challenges and areas of difficulty. Think of it as a statement of what you determine to be the key learnings and contribution of the course. It can be critical, highlighting gaps etc. Ultimately it is a personal statement of your own (perhaps new or changed) perspective on the subject, new understandings, difficulties, and insights.

Grading criteria:

The Personal Reflection is authentic, critical, supported by evidence and descriptive, conveying your own personal learning insights.

A single page, approximately 500 words.
Is it original? Is it your own work? (this is a basic requirement)
Are the insights and learning described authentic? Does it honestly communicate your personal learning on taking this class?
Is it critical? Critique isn't a bad thing. It challenges your own and others, even the subject itself. Consider prior understandings, misunderstanding, new knowledge, or changes in understanding?
Are statements supported with examples? For example, comments or reflections on the homework tasks, the project, themes and subject matter?
Core concepts? At the very best the reflection offers a compelling account of the significance of some of the key ideas arising in the course.

The MGS Blog